Phytochemical, physicochemical and bioactive of hidroethanolic extract of the flowers of Ceiba pubiflora A. St. –Hil. (Malvaceae)

Resumen

Ceiba pubiflora is a poorly studied species in the Malvaceae family. The preliminary study of phytochemical, physicochemical and bioactive compounds in vegetables is of great importance for the development of products, mainly herbal medicines. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the floral extract of C. pubiflora for phytochemical, physicochemical and bioactive characteristics. Methodology: Flowers of C. pubiflora were collected in the Cerrado area, then the hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) was produced by maceration. Phytochemical analyzes were performed using different reagents. Thin-layer chromatography was performed to compare qualitative phytochemical results. The extract yield, pH, refractive index, relative density, reduction of DPPH free radical and total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteau were determined. Results: The extract yield was = 6.88%, several phytochemical classes were observed, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, hemolytic saponin, among others, the pH was = 6.41, total solids = 1.12%, refractive index = 1, 5369 nD, and relative density of 0.9061 g mL-1 at 20 °C. The best eluent was the combination of acetone and ethyl acetate with 12 revealed compounds, a positive presence was observed for glucose-reducing and fructose sugars, and not for sucrose-reducing sugars. The antioxidant activity showed CI50 = 217.4 mg L-1, and total phenolic content = 7.26 mg AGE 100 g-1 in dry mass. Conclusion: In this preliminary study it was possible to observe that the floral extract of C. pubiflora presents potential for new biological and chemical studies, due to the large number of phytochemical classes observed, as well as the biological activities evaluated, thus suggesting that future research be carried out so that possibly new phytopharmaceuticals are developed from the floral extract.